Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow and divide in an uncontrolled way. It can affect both women and men, though it is far more common in women. Early detection greatly improves treatment options and outcomes, which is why regular self-exams and screening tests such as mammograms are so important. Knowing the common signs, risk factors, and when to talk to a doctor can help you or your loved ones act quickly and confidently.

Common warning signs include a new lump or thickening in the breast or underarm, changes in breast size or shape, dimpling of the skin, nipple discharge, or redness and swelling. Having one or more risk factors—such as age, family history, or certain genetic changes—does not mean you will develop breast cancer, but it does mean you should be especially attentive to screening and prevention.

Diagnosis usually involves imaging tests, such as mammograms or ultrasounds, followed by a biopsy to examine cells under a microscope. Treatment is tailored to each person and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted drugs, or a combination of these approaches. Your healthcare team will consider the type and stage of cancer, as well as your overall health and personal preferences, when recommending a plan.

While a breast cancer diagnosis can feel overwhelming, many people go on to live full, active lives after treatment. Support from medical professionals, family, friends, and patient organizations can make a meaningful difference. If you notice any changes in your breasts or have concerns about your risk, schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider as soon as possible.